Introduction to hydraulics

Introduction to hydraulics

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Hydraulics is applied in a wide range of industries: from construction machinery, automobiles, and airplanes (outdoor) to machine tools and press machines (indoor). Typical applications in each industrial field are listed below. Below shows photos of some of the applications.

Typical applications

Construction machinery: excavators, cranes, wheel loaders, and bulldozers
Agricultural/forestry machinery: tractors, combines, rice planting machines, lawn mowers, and logging machines
Material processing/forming machinery: steel mill, machine tools, and plastic processing, die casting, press, and
sheet metal processing machines
Automobiles: power steering, transmissions, brake systems, and accessories for transport vehicles
Industrial and special-purpose vehicles: fork lifts, platform vehicles, garbage trucks, concrete mixer trucks,
concrete pump trucks, and accessories for transport vehicles (wing roofs and tail lifts)
Ships/fishing machinery: steering, propulsion machinery, and deck cranes
Aerospace machinery: steering, brake systems, and landing gear
Testing machinery/simulator: vibration testers, flight simulators, and amusement machines
Special equipment: hydraulic lifts, vibration control systems for high-story buildings and trains, sluice gates,
crushers, and compactors


Excavator	Tree feller	Hydraulic press	Hydraulic brake system	Fork lift

Ship crane	Aircraft landing gear	Flight simulator	Car body cruncher	Cherry picker

Hydraulic principal (Pascal's law)

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Pascal’s principle, also called Pascal’s law states that when a force is excreted on the surface of a liquid or a gas in a enclosed container, the resulting pressure will be the same in all directions in the enclosed container.

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, is Pascal (Pa), for example, is one Newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S.